Substitution exercises
Practicing the spoken language
A1
Exercise for the word THE
1. The ice cream (in melted state)
1. La cremas.
2. The ice cream (too frozen and hard to spoon out)
2. Ji cremas.
3. The ice cream (just right and easy to spoon out)
3. Ze cremas.
4. The sandwich (2 days old and hard as a rock, relatively speaking)
4. Ji thöyöth.
5. The sandwich (fresh and soft)
5. Ze thöyöth.
6. I like the ice cream.
6. Yë amraz ze cremas.
7. The student likes the ice cream.
7. Ze ytalmi amraz ze cremas.
8. The teacher likes the sandwich.
8. Ze lazër amraz ze thöyöth.
9. The student throws away (away throw) the ice cream.
9. Ze ytalmi ayër jet la cremas.
10. The teacher throws away the sandwich (which is hard and dry).
10. Ze lazër ayër jet ji thöyöth.
11. I throw away the paper.
11. Yë ayër jet ze pash.
12. We throw away the paper.
12. Xir ayër jet ze pash.
13. We like white paper.
13. Xir amraz blañjno pash.
14. The teacher throws away white paper.
14. Ze lazër ayër jet blañjno pash.
15. The student throws the homework.
15. Ze ytalmi jet ze hom ish.
16. The teacher collects the homework.
16. Ze lazër ksemacr ze hom ish.
17. The student collects ice cream.
17. Ze ytalmi ksemacr cremas.
18. The old ice cream collects flies!
18. La styëy cremas ksemacr mouwsh!
19. The old sandwich collects flies!
19. Ji styëy thöyöth ksemacr mouwsh!
20. The student collects white paper.
20. Ze ytalmi ksemacr blañjno pash.
A2
Introducing some plurals
1. You have a computer.
1. Siñ xa ‘conon.
2. Who has a computer?
2. Shë xa ‘conon?
3. The teacher has a computer.
3. Ze lazër xa ‘conon.
4. The teacher has a car.
4. Ze lazër xa ‘thotta.
5. The teacher drives a car.
5. Ze lazër shlif ‘thotta.
6. You drive a car.
6. Siñ shlif ‘thotta.
7. The teacher has a problem.
7. Ze lazër xa ‘moñdiñ.
8. The computer has a problem.
8. Ji conon xa ‘moñdiñ.
9. The car has big problems.
9. Ji thotta xa ‘jrundishë moñdiñw.
10. The student has a bad teacher.
10. Ze ytalmi xa ‘nouyya lazër.
11. The teacher has a good student.
11. Ze lazër xa ‘nefer ytalmi.
12. The computers have a problem.
12. Ji conown xa ‘moñdiñ.
13. The teachers have big computers.
13. Ze lazëwr xa jrundishë conown.
14. The students have computers.
14. Ze ytamiw xa conown.
15. You have good computers?
15. Siñ xa nefer conown?
16. The students have bad computers?
16. Ze ytalmiw xa nouyya conown?
17. The students like big computers.
17. Ze ytalmiw amraz jrundishë conown.
18. The driver likes the students.
18. Ze shlifër amraz ze ytalmiw.
19. The driver has a bad problem.
19. Ze shlifër xa ‘nouyya moñdiñ.
20. The teachers like good computers.
20. Ze lazëwr amraz nefer conown.
More exercises to come. When page A becomes too long, I will make page B, then C, etc.